Derived Verbs (Secondary)
Verbs of Possession (“to have…”)
ᒥᔅᒋᓯᓐ | ᐅᒥᔅᒋᓯᓐ | ᐅᒥᔅᒋᓯᓂᐤ᙮ | |||
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mischisin | ![]() |
umischisin | ![]() |
umischisiniu. |
a shoe | his/her shoe | S/he has shoes. |
The verb ᐅᒥᔅᒋᓯᓂᐤ umischisiniu s/he has shoes is made up from the possessed noun ᐅᒥᔅᒋᓯᓐ umischisin his/her shoe and the verb ending -iu to make a verb meaning s/he has shoes
Such verbs of possession can be formed by the addition of a secondary suffix to a possessed noun with a third-person prefix, and, if required, the possessive suffix -im. The verb underlying stem vowel is -i followed by inflection -u which becomes -iu.
Noun | Possessed Noun | Verb “S/he has…” | Verb “I have…” | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ᒥᔅᒋᓯᓐ | ᐅᒥᔅᒋᓯᓅ | ᐅᒥᔅᒋᓯᓅ᙮ | ᓅᒥᔅᒋᓯᓂᓐ᙮ | ||||
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mischisin | ![]() |
umischisin | ![]() |
umischisiniu. | ![]() |
nuumischisinin. |
shoe | his/her shoe | S/he has shoes. | I have shoes. | ||||
ᐊᐧᐋᔑᔥ | ᐅᑎᐧᐋᔑᔒᒻᐦ | ᐅᑎᐧᐋᔑᔒᒥᐤ | ᓅᑎᐧᐋᔑᔒᒥᓐ | ||||
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awaashish | ![]() |
utiwaashishiimh | ![]() |
utiwaashishiimiu | ![]() |
nuutiwaashishiimin |
child | his/her child | s/he has a child/children | I have a child/children | ||||
Words which already begin with u- do not usually add another u- at the beginning. | |||||||
ᐅᔥᑎᐧᑳᓐ | ᐅᔥᑎᐧᑳᓂᐤ᙮ | ᓅᔥᑎᐧᑳᓂᓐ᙮ | |||||
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ushtikwaan | ![]() |
ushtikwaaniu. | ![]() |
nuushtikwaanin. | ||
his/her head | S/he has brains (is smart). | I am smart. | |||||
S/he has a head. | I have a head. |
An exception is made for a few names of relatives (kinship terms) in the northern dialect:
Stem | Dependant Noun | Verb “S/he has…” | Verb “I have…” | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ᐅᐦᑖᐧᐄ | ᐅᐦᑖᐧᐄᒫᐤ | ᐅᐦᑖᐐᐤ᙮ | ᓅᐦᑖᐧᐄᓐ᙮ | ||||
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uhtaawi | ![]() |
uhtaawiih | ![]() |
uhtaawiiu. | ![]() |
nuuhtaawiin. |
father | his/her father | S/he has a father. | I have a father. | ||||
ᐅᐦᑯᒻ | ᐅᐦᑯᒥᒫᐤ | ᐅᐦᑯᒨ᙮ | ᓅᐦᑯᒥᓐ᙮ | ||||
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uhkum | ![]() |
uhkumh | ![]() |
uhkumuu. | ![]() |
nuuhkumin. |
grandmother | his/her grandmother | S/he has a grandmother. | I have a grandmother. | ||||
ᐅᐦᑯᒥᔅ | ᐅᐦᑯᒥᔅᐦ | ᐅᐦᑯᒥᓯᐤ᙮ | ᓅᐦᑯᒥᓯᓐ᙮ | ||||
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uhkumis | ![]() |
uhkumish | ![]() |
uhkumisiu. | ![]() |
nuuhkumisin. |
uncle/step-father | his/her uncle/step-father | S/he has a uncle/step-father. | I have a uncle/step-father. |
For the second person personal prefix of possessed forms, the variant ku- is used for many words, not chu- (young speakers tend to do this).
ᑰᑎᐧᐋᔑᔒᒥᓐ | ![]() |
kuutiwaashishiimin | you have a child |
ᑰᐅᐦᑖᐧᐄᓐ | ![]() |
kuuhtaawiin | you have a father |
ᑰᒥᔅᒋᓯᓂᓐ | ![]() |
kuuhkumisin | you have an uncle/step-father |