The word ᒫᐦᑭᔮᐦᑎᒄmaahkiyaahtikwtent frame is made of two parts: the noun ᒫᐦᑮmaahkiitent and the noun final ᐋᐦᑎᒄ-aahtikw indicating that something is stick-like. The noun final cannot occur alone, but must always be attached to the end of a noun stem or to an initial. One set of finals describes concrete properties of an object: what it is made of or the way it appears. Another set is formed from terms for body parts.
List of Concrete Finals
ᐋᐦᑎᒄ / ᐋᔅᒄ
-aahtikw / -aaskw
stick-like
(ᔾ)ᐋᐲ
-(y)aapii
string-like
ᐋᐱᔅᒡ / ᐋᐱᔅᒄ
-aapisch / -aapiskw
hard (metal, stone, glass)
ᐋᐳᐃ
-aapui
liquid
ᒋᐧᐋᐦᑉ
-chiwaahp
teepee
ᐋᒋᓐ
-aachin
sheet-like
ᑭᒥᒄ
-kimikw
structure
ᑳᓐ
-kaan
man-made, manufactured
ᒥᓐ
-min
berry
ᔅᑭᒥᒄ / ᐃᔅᑭᒥᒄ
-skimikw / – iskimikw
moss, earth
ᔥᑎᒄ
-shtikw
river
ᔮᓐ
-yaan
sheet-like
Noun
+
Concrete Final
=
Noun
ᐊᐳᐃ
ᐋᐦᑎᒄ
ᐊᐳᔮᐦᑎᒄ
apui
+
aahtikw
=
apuyaahtikw
paddle
stick-like
paddle stick
ᐊᐧᐹᓐ
ᐋᔅᒄ
ᐊᐧᐹᓈᔅᒄ
apwaan
+
aaskw
=
apwaanaaskw
roasted meat
stick
roasting stick
ᐊᒥᔅᒄ
ᐋᐳᐃ
ᐊᒥᔅᐧᑳᐳᐃ
amiskw
+
aapui
=
amiskwaapui
beaver
broth
beaver broth
ᐧᐋᐳᔥ
ᐋᐳᐃ
ᐧᐋᐳᔣᐳᐃ
waapush
+
aapui
=
waapushwaapui
rabbit
broth
rabbit broth
ᐊᑎᐦᒄ
ᐋᐳᐃ
ᐊᑎᐦᐧᑳᐳᐃ
atihkw
+
aapui
=
atihkwaapui
caribou
broth
caribou broth
ᐧᐋᓵᓂᐦᑖᑭᓐ
ᐋᐱᔅᒄ
ᐧᐋᓵᓂᐦᑖᑭᓈᐱᔅᒄ
waasaanihtaakin
+
aapiskw
=
waasaanihtaakinaapiskw
window
glass
windowpane
ᒫᐦᑮ
ᐋᒋᓐ
ᒫᐦᑭᔮᒋᓐ
maahkii
+
aachin
=
maahkiyaachin
tent
cloth
canvas
ᒫᐦᑮ
ᐋᐦᑎᒄ
ᒫᐦᑭᔮᐦᑎᒄ
maahkii
+
aahtikw
=
maahkiyaahtikw
tent
stick
tent frame
ᐧᐃᓂᐦᐄᑭᓐ
ᐋᐦᑎᒄ
ᐧᐃᓂᐦᐄᑭᓈᐦᑎᒄ
winihiikin
+
aahtikw
=
winihiikinaahtikw
trap
stick
stick for trap
ᐃᐦᐄᐱᐦᑳᓐ
ᐋᐦᑎᒄ
ᐃᐦᐄᐱᐦᑳᓈᐦᑎᒄ
ihiipihkaan
+
aahtikw
=
ihiipihkaanaahtikw
fishnet
stick
netting needle
Noun + Body Part Final
List of Body Part Finals
ᐋᐅᒄ
-aaukw
muscle flesh
ᐃᑭᓐ
-ikin
bone
ᐧᐃᔪᐃ / ᐅᓱᐃ
-wiyui / -usui
tail
ᓯᑖᓐ / ᔅᑖᓐ
-sitaan / staan
foot
ᐧᐃᔪ
-wiiyu
fat
ᑎᐦᒌ
-tihchii
hand, forepaw
ᑎᐦᒑᓐ
-tihchaan
finger
ᑳᑦ
-kaat
animal leg
Noun
+
Body Part Final
=
Noun
ᐅᐧᐹᒻ
ᐋᐅᒄ
ᐅᐧᐹᒫᐅᒄ
upwaam
+
aaukw
=
upwaamaaukw
thigh
muscle flesh
flesh of thigh
ᐅᔥᑎᐧᑳᓐ
ᐃᑭᓐ
ᐅᔥᑎᐧᑳᓂᑭᓐ
ushtikwaan
+
ikin
=
ushtikwaanikin
head
bone
skull
ᐅᔥᑎᐧᑳᓐ
ᒑᑭᓐ
ᐅᔥᑎᐧᑳᓂᒑᑭᓐ
ushtikwaan
+
chaakin
=
ushtikwaanichaakin
head
bone
bone of the head
ᐅᐧᐹᒻ
ᒑᑭᓐ
ᐅᐧᐹᒥᒑᑭᓐ
upwaam
+
chaakin
=
upwaamichaakin
thigh
bone
thigh bone
ᑳᒄ
ᐧᐃᔪᐃ
ᑳᒀᔪᐃ
kaakw
+
waayui
=
kaakwaayui
porcupine
tail
porcupine tail
ᐧᐃᔨᑳᔅᒡ
ᓯᑖᓐ
ᐧᐃᔨᑳᔅᒋᓯᑖᓐ
wiyikaasch
+
sitaan
=
wiyikaaschisitaan
underside
foot
callus on the foot
ᐊᒥᔅᒄ
ᐧᐃᔪ
ᐊᒥᔅᑯᐧᐃᔪ
amiskw
+
wiyu
=
amiskuwiyu
beaver
fat
beaver fat
ᐊᒥᔅᒄ
ᑎᐦᒌ
ᐊᒥᔅᑯᑎᐦᒌ
amiskw
+
tihchii
=
amiskutihchii
beaver
hand/forepaw
beaver forepaw
APA:
Junker, M.-O., & MacKenzie, M. (2013). East Cree Word Formation (Northern Dialect). In The Interactive East Cree Reference Grammar. Retrieved from [URL]
MLA:
Marie-Odile Junker and Marguerite MacKenzie. East Cree Word Formation (Northern Dialect). In The Interactive East Cree Reference Grammar. 2013. Web. [date]
[URL] = website address, beginning with “http://” [Date] = the date you accessed the page, styled as follows: 13 Dec. 2015
Grammar
